[ Program Manual | User's Guide | Data Files | Databases ]
Isoelectric plots the charge as a function of pH for any peptide sequence.
Isoelectric calculates the isoelectric point of a protein from its amino acid composition assuming no electrostatic interactions occur that perturb ionization. Isoelectric makes a plot of the total positive and negative charges and the net charge of a protein as a function of pH. The isoelectric point (pH at which the net charge is zero) is indicated on the plot. If you use the -OUTfile command-line parameter, you can also obtain an output file with a listing of the data.
Here is a session using Isoelectric to determine the isoelectric point of human adenylate kinase (PIR:Kihua):
% isoelectric -OUTfile=kihua.iso
ISOELECTRIC of what protein sequence ? PIR:Kihua
Begin (* 1 *) ?
End (* 194 *) ?
When your LaserWriter attached to tty07 is ready, press <Return>.
%
Here is part of the output file (if you are reading the Program Manual, you can see the plot from this session following the output file):
ISOELECTRIC of: pir1:Kihua Check: 1665 from: 1 to: 194 October 2, 1996 13:25
adenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.3) 1 - human
N;Alternate names: myokinase
C;Species: Homo sapiens (man)
C;Date: #sequence_revision 23-Oct-1981 #text_change 16-Feb-1996
C;Accession: A33508; A00679
R;Matsuura, S.; Igarashi, M.; Tanizawa, Y.; Yamada, M.; Kishi, F.; Kajii, T.;
Fujii, H.; Miwa, S.; Sakurai, M.; Nakazawa, A
Amino Acid Number of
Residues
----------------- -----------
Arginine 13
Lysine 19
Histidine 2
Tyrosine 7
Cysteine 2
Glutamic Acid 20
Aspartic Acid 9
Amino Terminus 1
Carboxyl Terminus 1
Number of Hydrogen Ions Bound
---------------------------------------------------------- Net
pH Arg Lys His Tyr Cys Glu Asp NH2 COOH Total Charge ..
1.00 13.00 19.00 2.00 7.00 2.00 19.99 8.99 1.00 1.00 73.97 34.97
1.50 13.00 19.00 2.00 7.00 2.00 19.96 8.97 1.00 0.99 73.92 34.92
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
12.50 6.50 0.36 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.06 -31.94
13.00 3.12 0.12 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.30 -35.70
Isoelectric Point
9.11 12.99 18.61 0.00 6.90 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.00 39.00 0.00
Isoelectric accepts a single protein sequence as input. If Isoelectric rejects your protein sequence, turn to Appendix VI to see how to change or set the type of a sequence.
PeptideSort shows the peptide fragments from a digest of an amino acid sequence. It sorts the peptides by weight, position, and HPLC retention at pH 2.1, and shows the composition of each peptide. It also prints a summary of the composition of the whole protein. PeptideSort lists the isoelectric points of the peptide fragments resulting from the digest of an amino acid sequence as well as the isoelectric point of the entire protein sequence.
The isoelectric point must exist and lie between pH 1.0 and 13.0.
The isoelectric point is the pH at which the protein has no net charge. The net charge of a protein is calculated as the sum of the number of positively charged residues (protonated lysine, arginine, histidine), minus the number of negatively charged residues (deprotonated tyrosine, cysteine, glutamate, aspartate), plus the number of protonated amino termini, minus the number of deprotonated carboxyl termini. The net charge calculation does not take into account any electrostatic interactions within the protein that may perturb ionization. For each amino acid of interest, the number of protonated residues is determined by the following equation:
where N(p) = number of protonated residues, N(t) = total number of residues of a specific amino acid, [H(+)] = hydrogen ion concentration, K(N) = dissociation constant for the amino acid of interest that is equal to the following:
By default, the vertical axis of the plot (Net Charge) is scaled from -50 to +50. For some proteins, particularly large ones, the charge may be much less than -50 or much greater than +50 at pH's close to the isoelectric point. For those proteins, you can expand the vertical scale with the -MINCharge and -MAXCharge command-line parameters.
The Wisconsin Package must be configured for graphics before you run any program with graphics output! If the % setplot command is available in your installation, this is the easiest way to establish your graphics configuration, but you can also use commands like % postscript that correspond to the graphics languages the Wisconsin Package supports. See Chapter 5, Using Graphics in the User's Guide for more information about configuring your process for graphics.
If you need to stop this program, use <Ctrl>C to reset your terminal and session as gracefully as possible. Searches and comparisons write out the results from the part of the search that is complete when you use <Ctrl>C. The graphics device should stop plotting the current page and start plotting the next page. If the current page is the last page, plotters should put the pen away and graphic terminals should return to interactive mode.
All parameters for this program may be put on the command line. Use the parameter -CHEck to see the summary below and to have a chance to add things to the command line before the program executes. In the summary below, the capitalized letters in the parameter names are the letters that you must type in order to use the parameter. Square brackets ([ and ]) enclose parameter values that are optional. For more information, see "Using Program Parameters" in Chapter 3, Using Programs in the User's Guide.
Minimal Syntax: % isoelectric [-INfile=]PIR:Kihua -Default
Prompted Parameters:
-BEGin=1 -END=194 range of interest
Local Data Files:
-DATa=isoelectric.dat file of pK data for amino acids
Optional Parameters:
-OUTfile[=kihua.iso] writes the number of hydrogen ions bound and net
charge at pH 1-13 to an output file
-AMINotermini=1 sets the number of amino terminii on protein
-CARBoxyltermini=1 sets the number of carboxyl terminii on protein
-PHDelta=0.5 calculates number of hydrogen ions bound and net
charge every PHDelta pH units in output file
-MINCharge=-50 minimum net charge to display on the plot
-MAXCharge=50 maximum net charge to display on the plot
-NOPLOt suppresses the plot
All GCG graphics programs accept these and other switches. See the Using
Graphics chapter of the USERS GUIDE for descriptions.
-FIGure[=FileName] stores plot in a file for later input to FIGURE
-FONT=3 draws all text on the plot using font 3
-COLor=1 draws entire plot with pen in stall 1
-SCAle=1.2 enlarges the plot by 20 percent (zoom in)
-XPAN=10.0 moves plot to the right 10 platen units (pan right)
-YPAN=10.0 moves plot up 10 platen units (pan up)
-PORtrait rotates plot 90 degrees
Isoelectric was originally written by L. L. Houston. Frank J. Manion rewrote this program to work with the Wisconsin Package(TM), and Irv Edelman revised and enhanced this version for inclusion with Version 6.0 of the Package.
The files described below supply auxiliary data to this program. The program automatically reads them from a public data directory unless you either 1) have a data file with exactly the same name in your current working directory; or 2) name a file on the command line with an expression like -DATa1=myfile.dat. For more information see Chapter 4, Using Data Files in the User's Guide.
This program reads the public or local version of isoelectric.dat to obtain the pK values for the relevant amino acids. The amino acids listed in the public file are the only ones recognized by the program.
The parameters listed below can be set from the command line. For more information, see "Using Program Parameters" in Chapter 3, Using Programs in the User's Guide.
causes Isoelectric to write an output file containing the number of hydrogen ions bound and net charge at each pH point.
sets the number of amino termini on the protein.
sets the number of carboxyl termini on the protein.
sets the pH increment at which number of hydrogen ions bound and net charge are calculated.
sets the minimum value on the charge (vertical) scale.
sets the maximum value on the charge (vertical) scale.
suppresses the plot.
The parameters below apply to all GCG graphics programs. These and many others are described in detail in Chapter 5, Using Graphics of the User's Guide.
writes the plot as a text file of plotting instructions suitable for input to the Figure program instead of drawing the plot on your plotter.
draws all text characters on the plot using Font 3 (see Appendix I).
draws the entire plot with the pen in stall 1.
The parameters below let you expand or reduce the plot (zoom), move it in either direction (pan), or rotate it 90 degrees (rotate).
expands the plot by 20 percent by resetting the scaling factor (normally 1.0) to 1.2 (zoom in). You can expand the axes independently with -XSCAle and -YSCAle. Numbers less than 1.0 contract the plot (zoom out).
moves the plot to the right by 30 platen units (pan right).
moves the plot up by 30 platen units (pan up).
rotates the plot 90 degrees. Usually, plots are displayed with the horizontal axis longer than the vertical (landscape). Note that plots are reduced or enlarged, depending on the platen size, to fill the page.
If the data points on a line fall outside of the window in which the data are supposed to be represented, most programs will clip the graph at the edge of the window. This switch disables that clipping.
[ Program Manual | User's Guide | Data Files | Databases ]
Documentation Comments: doc-comments@gcg.com
Technical Support: help@gcg.com
Copyright (c) 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997 Genetics Computer Group, Inc. a wholly owned subsidiary of Oxford Molecular Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
Licenses and Trademarks Wisconsin Package is a trademark of Genetics Computer Group, Inc. GCG and the GCG logo are registered trademarks of Genetics Computer Group, Inc.
All other product names mentioned in this documentation may be trademarks, and if so, are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders and are used in this documentation for identification purposes only.
